Nausea and vomiting in a child is not included in the group of independent pathologies. As a rule, nausea and vomiting in a child is a signal of disorders in the function of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of metabolic processes, and general poisoning of the body. Nausea and vomiting in a child can be a symptom of diseases such as:
– diseases of an infectious nature: intestinal infections, various types of meningitis;
– with an increase in temperature with influenza, acute respiratory viral diseases, infections of a purulent nature;
– acute appendicitis;
– as a clinical sign of CNS diseases;
– nausea and vomiting in children may be open to certain medications;
– vomiting in children can be functional in nature, for example, the process of regurgitation to small children, or as a symptom of neurotic reactions in older children;
– a symptom of intoxication of various origins;
– Recently, vomiting in children can serve as an early clinical sign of swine flu. This ailment is extremely dangerous in early childhood, therefore, when vomiting occurs in children, this disease must be excluded first;
– Disorders of the intestines most often become the causes of constant vomiting in children. Dysbacteriosis, which is a microflora imbalance, can be easily treated, provided, of course, timely treatment.
Nausea and vomiting in a child is a rapid release of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract. The release of contents begins uncontrollably due to the rapid contraction of the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and the transverse muscles of the abdominal cavity and the septum of the diaphragm.
Breastfed babies under three months of age spit up small amounts of milk they drink several times a day. This process is considered normal and passes as the child grows up. Regurgitation can occur due to some structural features of the esophagus at an early age and the relatively large amount of food entering the digestive tract. These phenomena provoke regurgitation in young children. In addition, regurgitation may occur due to the fact that when swallowing food, a child can swallow a small amount of air. This can happen due to a small amount of breast milk in the mother’s breast or when the baby captures the areola of the nipple with his lips. During artificial feeding, the baby may swallow air if the nipple is not completely filled with food, if the hole in the nipple is too large, if the bottle is in a horizontal position during feeding.
If the body temperature is not elevated, or there is a mild febrile state, then one might think that the child has a non-communicable disease, for example, gastritis. Meanwhile, nausea and vomiting in a child can be a symptom of high blood pressure, in particular, if the child suffers from neurosis. Nausea and vomiting in children can open in the process of coughing, with diseases of the brain or meninges. After the vomiting recedes, the child’s condition is relieved, but severe fatigue appears.
The treatment of vomiting in a child consists in the introduction of glucose or sodium chloride preparations into the child’s body, prescribing treatment with vitamin complexes and indispensable adherence to a strict diet. The medicines needed to treat vomiting in children are determined by the attending physician, since illiterate self-medication can only aggravate the child’s condition. If the child vomits profusely and frequently, it is required to drink as much water and other liquids as possible. It is necessary to drink frequent small sips. For the treatment of vomiting in children, special medicinal solutions are also used that normalize the balance of water in the body.